Orientasi Kritik Sastra Mahmud Sami al-Barudi dan Ahmad Syauqy dalam Transformasi Sastra Arab Modern: Kajian Teoretis Periode Ihya’ dan Tathwir / The Orientation of Literary Criticism of Mahmud Sami al-Barudi and Ahmad Syauqy in the Transformation of Modern Arabic Literature: A Theoretical Study of the Ihya’ and Tathwir Periods

Rahmat R., Haniah Haniah, Husnah Z

Abstract


This study compares the literary criticism of Maḥmūd Sāmī al-Bārūdī and Aḥmad Shawqī as prominent figures of modern Arabic literature during the phases of Ihya’ and Tathwir. It employs library research with a qualitative descriptive method, using Arab neoclassical theory, the concepts of taqlīd and tajdīd, and a literary-historical approach. The findings show that both writers criticized the decline of Arabic literature and regarded the classical tradition as the foundation of literary revival. However, al-Bārūdī emphasized the restoration of classical language, poetic form, and traditional aesthetics, reflecting a stronger tendency toward taqlīd. In contrast, Shawqī combined classical principles with tajdīd through new themes, social concerns, and modern genres, particularly poetic drama. Thus, al-Bārūdī represents literary revival through classical imitation, whereas Shawqī demonstrates a more balanced integration of tradition and renewal.

Studi ini membandingkan kritik sastra Maḥmūd Sāmī al-Bārūdī dan Aḥmad Shawqī sebagai tokoh-tokoh terkemuka sastra Arab modern selama fase Ihya' dan Tathwir. Ini menggunakan penelitian perpustakaan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif, menggunakan teori neoklasik Arab, konsep taqlid dan tajdid, dan pendekatan sastra-sejarah. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa kedua penulis mengkritik kemunduran sastra Arab dan menganggap tradisi klasik sebagai dasar kebangkitan sastra. Namun, al-Bārūdī menekankan restorasi bahasa klasik, bentuk puitis, dan estetika tradisional, yang mencerminkan kecenderungan yang lebih kuat terhadap taqlīd. Sebaliknya, Shawqī menggabungkan prinsip-prinsip klasik dengan tajdīd melalui tema-tema baru, masalah sosial, dan genre modern, terutama drama puitis. Dengan demikian, al-Bārūdī mewakili kebangkitan sastra melalui peniruan klasik, sedangkan Shawqī menunjukkan integrasi tradisi dan pembaruan yang lebih seimbang.

Keywords


Modern Arabic Literary Criticism; Maḥmud Sami al-Barudi; Aḥmad Syauqy; Ihya’ and Tathwir; Literary Form and Content

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36915/la.v7i2.715

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