Representasi Istri dalam Cerpen “Arkhāṣ al-Layālī” Karya Yūsuf Idrīs: Kritik Sastra Feminis-Islam / The Representation of the Wife in Yūsuf Idrīs’s Short Story “Arkhāṣ al-Layālī”: An Islamic Feminist Literary Criticism
Abstract
This study examines the representation of the wife in Yūsuf Idrīs’s short story “Arkhāṣ al-Layālī” through the perspectives of feminist literary criticism and Islamic values of justice. The study is grounded in the need to read modern Arabic literature not only as a critique of poverty, but also as a space that reveals gender inequality within domestic relations. This research aims to identify the representation of the wife, explain the forms of domestic patriarchy constructed through the narrative of poverty and family relations, and show how such representation can be interpreted through Islamic ethical principles. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method using close reading and note-taking techniques. The data consist of words, phrases, sentences, and narrative scenes that represent the wife’s position in the short story. The findings show that the wife is represented as a domestic servant, an exhausted body, a manager of household crisis, and a target of symbolic and verbal violence. Domestic patriarchy operates through unequal division of labor, normalization of minor violence, and the transfer of male frustration onto women. Through an Islamic feminist reading, this representation reveals a tension between patriarchal domestic practices and the principles of mu‘āsyarah bi al-ma‘rūf, compassion, protection of mothers, and mutuality. This study contributes to expanding the reading of Yūsuf Idrīs from social criticism to gender-ethical criticism.
Penelitian ini mengkaji representasi istri dalam cerpen Arkhāṣ al-Layālī karya Yūsuf Idrīs melalui perspektif kritik sastra feminis dan konsep keadilan dalam Islam. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kebutuhan untuk membaca sastra Arab modern tidak hanya sebagai refleksi kemiskinan dan kritik sosial, tetapi juga sebagai ruang naratif yang mengungkap ketimpangan gender dalam relasi domestik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi representasi istri, menjelaskan bentuk-bentuk patriarki domestik yang dikonstruksi melalui narasi kemiskinan dan relasi keluarga, serta mengkaji bagaimana representasi tersebut dapat ditafsirkan berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip etika Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan perspektif kritik sastra feminis-Islam. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui teknik close reading dan pencatatan, berupa kata, frasa, kalimat, dialog, serta adegan naratif yang merepresentasikan posisi istri dalam cerpen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan empat bentuk representasi utama istri, yaitu sebagai pelayan domestik, tubuh yang mengalami kelelahan akibat beban reproduktif, pengelola krisis rumah tangga, serta sasaran kekerasan simbolik dan verbal. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa patriarki domestik bekerja melalui pembagian kerja domestik yang tidak setara, normalisasi kekerasan simbolik dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, serta pelimpahan frustrasi laki-laki kepada perempuan. Dari perspektif feminisme Islam, representasi tersebut memperlihatkan adanya ketegangan antara praktik domestik patriarkal dengan prinsip-prinsip mu‘āsyarah bi al-ma‘rūf, kasih sayang, perlindungan terhadap ibu, dan kesalingan (mubādalah) dalam relasi suami istri. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam memperluas kajian terhadap karya Yūsuf Idrīs dengan menggeser fokus pembacaan dari kritik sosial-realis menuju pembacaan gender-etis yang mengintegrasikan kritik sastra feminis dengan nilai-nilai etika Islam.Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36915/la.v7i2.791
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